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Jacques-Marie Le Père
Jacques-Marie Le Père (Paris, 25 April 1763 - Granville, 15 June 1841) was a French civil engineer.
==Life==
He accompanied the French Campaign in Egypt and Syria, was director of 'Ponts et Chaussées' (bridges and roads) in Egypt. After accompanying the expedition to the remains of the Canal of the Pharaohs, built by Necho II between the River Nile and Suez Gulf and improved by Ptolemy II, he was commissioned by Bonaparte to edit an account of the Canal. He was made a member of the Institut d'Égypte on 22 August 1798, in the mathematics section.
With his brother Gratien and other engineers working alongside them, he carried out three building programmes (from 19 January to 5 February 1799, in September 1799, and finally in November to December 1799) to measure the levels of the isthmus, in difficult conditions due to Bedouin attacks and the lack of water. In the rain, he concluded that there was a 9 m difference between the levels of the Mediterranean and Red Sea, an error which persisted until the measurements carried out by Paul-Adrien Bourdaloue in 1847.
After his return to France, he spent a long time as divisional inspector of 'ponts et chaussées' in Paris, then as inspector of Paris from 1822 to 1830.〔Edouard de Villiers du Terrage, ''Journal et souvenirs sur l'expédition d'Égypte, mis en ordre et publiés par le baron Marc de Villiers du Terrage'', Paris, E. Plon, Nourrit, 1899, et ''L'expédition d'Égypte 1798-1801, Journal et souvenirs d'un jeune savant'', Paris, Cosmopole, 2001 et 2003, p. 371〕
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